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Detailed spatial models generated by conditional simulation provide a powerful tool for case-specific optimization of sampling designs. The entire process of sampling, estimation, and decision can be simulated on such a model by a Monte-Carlo approach. Optimization can be based on economic functions or on decision quality constraints rather than simple minimization of estimation variance.
The papers in this volume consider the general themes of flow confinement and topographic control on processes and sedimentary architecture in deep water clastic systems. This publication grew out of an international workshop on Confined Turbidite Systems, held in Nice (France) in September 2001. Many of the papers presented at that meeting related to case studies of the Ores d'Annot turbidites, which are so spectacularly exposed in the region north of Nice. Hence we have also produced a companion volume in the same series (Geological Society Special Publication 221) specifically focusing on the Ores d'Annot.
The Roberts Mountains of north-central Nevada are comprised of Paleozoic sedimentary rocks that host several gold deposits and subeconomic gold resources (Fig. 1). These gold occurrences are within a regional alignment of precious and base metal deposits in north-central Nevada termed the Battle Mountain-Eureka mineral belt (Roberts, 1966). Field relations and radiometric ages in three areas of the Roberts Mountains (Maher et al., 1990) allow assignment of minimum and probable maximum ages for gold mineralization. New radiometric age data from the Roberts Mountains and other precious and base metal deposits within the Battle Mountain-Eureka mineral belt are combined in this report with previously published geologic data to construct a metallo-genic framework for gold and other metallic deposits in north-central Nevada.
The Cleo gold deposit, 55 km south of Laverton in the Eastern Goldfields Province of Western Australia, is characterised by banded iron-formation (BIF)-hosted ore zones in the gently dipping Sunrise Shear Zone and high-grade vein-hosted ore in the Western Lodes. There is evidence that gold mineralisation in the Western Lodes (which occurred at ca 2655 Ma) post-dates the majority of displacement along the Sunrise Shear Zone, but it remains uncertain if the ore in both structures formed simultaneously or separately.
In the preface to the first edition of Construction Dewatering—New Methods and Applications, the stated intent of the book was to be a source of practical information for engineers and contractors who must contend with groundwater on construction projects. However, current ractice includes many methods besides straightforward dewatering. The content and new title, Construction Dewatering and Groundwater Control, of this third edition reflect this.
Since V.M. Goldschmidt's (1911) classic study on the Oslo area of Norway, contact aureoles have provided excellent natural "laboratories" for the elucidation of the processes and conditions of metamorphism. Reverdatto (1973) compiled petrologic studies on contact metamorphism. However, considerable research on the processes and controls of contact metamorphism has been carried out in the last two decades. This volume presents a review of contact metamorphism from a variety of geological subdisciplines (igneous and metamorphic petrology, geochemistry, thermal modeling, and structural geology). This chapter presents a brief overview of the controls and processes of contact metamorphism, and is primarily intended for readers who are relatively unfamiliar with this topic <...>
Contaminant Geochemistry: Interactions and Transport in the Subsurface Environment combines the earth science fields of subsurface hydrology and environmental geochemistry and aims to provide a comprehensive background for students and researchers interested in protection and sustainable management of the subsurface environment. This book focuses on the upper part of the earth’s crust, covering the region between the land surface and the groundwater zone; anthropogenic contamination occurs primarily in this well-defined geosystem <...>
The zone between land surface and the water table, which forms the upper boundary of the groundwater region, is known as the vadose zone. This zone is mostly unsaturated—or more precisely, partially saturated—but it may contain a saturated fraction in the vicinity of the water table due to fluctuations in water levels or capillary rise above the water table.
Early studies of continental flood basalts, particularly those of the North Atlantic Tertiary Province, played a major role in the development of igneous petrology. Petrologists, geochemists, geophysicists and field geologists have never looked back. The literature on various aspects of continental flood basalts is as vast as it is varied. Flood basalts have been investigated for the light they shed on petrogenesis, as sites for nuclear waste storage, as a cause for the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinctions, and for a host of other reasons <...>