Since the University of Oulu bought last year a LA-ICP-MS to expand their ways of research concerning corrosion and agglomeration problems in fluidized bed boilers. The objective of this thesis was to give a review about LA-ICP-MS, what are its capabilities, how to calibrate, what are the start up procedures and what kind of measurements can we make? The thesis will discus every step of the LA-ICP-MS; ablation, ionisation and detection applied on the LA-ICP-MS of the University of Oulu. After the literature part we try to improve our measurement strategies with the LAICP-MS, in order to get better results out of it. I would like to thank the University of Oulu for giving me the opportunity to write my thesis here. While writing my thesis I had a lot of help from Risto Laitinen, Minna Tiainen, Harri Kola, Heikki Ollila, Mirja Piispanen and Susanna Arvilommi, I would like to thank them for that. Thanks go also to Andoni Michelena and Bert De Smet for reading my thesis through. Finally I would like to thank my parents for their financial and mental support.  <...>

Amazingly, 18 years after the commercialization of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), less than 4000 systems have been installed worldwide. If you compare this number with another rapid multielement technique, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), first commercialized in 1974, the difference is quite significant. In 1992, 18 years after ICP-OES was introduced, more than 9000 units had been sold, and if you compare it with the same time period that ICP-MS has been available, the difference is even more dramatic.

Оценка геохимических методов исследования почв для обнаружения медно-золотой порфировой минерализации в четвертичных ледниково-флювиальных отложениях в зонах WBX-MBX и 66, гора Миллиган, северо-центральная часть Британской Колумбии.

This study is the second and final part of a Geoscience BC funded project (Project 2009-19) carried out by the author to test the effectiveness of a variety of commonly used chemical extractions at detecting mineralization through thick Quaternary glaciofluvial cover. In the first part carried out at the Kwanika Central Zone (Heberlein and Samson, 2010), results showed that conventional soil sampling (an aqua regia digestion of -80 mesh screened, upper B horizon) is ineffective at detecting the buried mineralization. Furthermore, laboratory specific extractions like MMI-M (SGS) and Ionic Leach (ALS-Chemex), Enzyme Leach and Bioleach (Actlabs) also performed poorly.

In April, 1996 a geochemical soil sampling program was carried out on the Salo Option (Figure 1) in order to complete the evaluation of the base metal potential of the property. Two diamond drill holes which targeted a coincident magnetic-HLEM anomaly failed to intersect significant base metal mineralization. The subsequent soil sampling survey was designed to explore for indications of economic mineralization downdip of the drill holes. Soil samples were analysed for trace elements, after being treated by the enzyme leach partial extraction technique (Clark, 1992), by ICP/MS courtesy of Activation Labs Ltd (Actlabs). Results are then used to define geochemical anomalies in overburden possibly related to underlying mineralized bedrock. <...>

Phase equilibria exist or are being strived for all around us. Most industrial processes are designed for and operate near equilibrium conditions; even when this is not so, it is important to know what would happen at equilibrium. Chemical engineering processes of primary importance are those of mixing, conversion, and separation involving gases, liquids, and solids. This book is devoted to the thermodynamic basis and practical aspects of the calculation of equilibrium conditions of multiple phases that are pertinent to such processes.

The Greens Creek deposit is a 24.2-million-ton polymetallic massive sulfide with a diverse base- and preciousmetal-rich mineralogy, which has been subjected to regional lower greenschist facies metamorphism. Roughly 30 percent of the ores retain primary mineralogy and mineral textures as well as gross original ore stratigraphy. Ore lithologies fall into two groups: massive sulfide ores (greater than 50 percent sulfides) and semimassive or disseminated sulfide gangue-rich “white” ores (less than 50 percent sulfides). There are two types of massive ore: massive pyritic and massive base-metalrich ore.

This report presents the results of heavy mineral and geochemical analyses conducted on glacial sediment samples collected in northwest Alberta. This study was undertaken as part of a collaborative project between the Alberta Geological Survey (Alberta Energy and Utilities Board) and the Geological Survey of Canada (Natural Resources Canada) originally designed to assess the regional occurrence of kimberlite indicator minerals (KIMs) in glacial deposits.

The results of the data analysis for a geochemistry relational database to hold the UK, land-based datasets currently managed by the Minerals and Geochemical Surveys Division plus some other geochemical datasets held by BGS are presented in full in the form of a geochemistry data model.