Our experience as teachers indicates that a traditional format where the instructor provides students with theoretical knowledge through a series of lectures and abstract textbook problems is not sufficient to prepare students to tackle real geotechnical challenges. There is a disjunct between what students are taught in universities and what they are expected to do as engineers. Although students may easily derive complex equations in class, they often struggle when faced with practical engineering problems in the workplace. It is thus not surprising that a project-based approach to learning, which partially simulates what engineers do in real life, has proved to be a valid alternative to the traditional method (Gratchev and Jeng, 2018; Gratchev et al., 2018). Project-based learning not only provides students with opportunities to better understand the fundamentals of geotechnical engineering, but it also allows them to gain more practical experience and learn how to apply theory to practice. In addition, working on a practical project makes the learning process more relevant and engaging. <...>
With the increasing demand of people for improved life quality, a large number of mega projects spring up in our modern society. The successful construction and sustainable operation of these mega projects mark not only the progress in modern science and technology but also the significant development of human society and civilization.
Данное Руководство дает исчерпывающую информацию по процессу проектирования бортов карьеров. Созданная как результат выполнения международного исследовательского проекта Большой карьер (ШР)по передаче научно-технических достижений в области повышения устойчивости откосов карьеров, данная книга представляет собой изложение процессов проектирования откосов, которых следует придерживаться, а также описывает инструменты, помогающие специалистам-практикам в проектировании откосов.
Rock mechanics is the scientific basis for construction in rock. Its task is to formulate laws describing the mechanical behaviour and permeability of rock masses and to develop a technology of testing which enables the determination of rock mechanics parameters. Furtltermore, the development of procedures to investigate the stability of openings, foundations and slopes in rock masses is also to be numbered amongst the tasks of rock mechanics. Rock engineering, on the other hand, is concerned more with questions relating to design and construction.
In the context of underground construction, forensic engineering is taken to be the application of engineering principles and methodologies to determine the cause of a performance deficiency, often a collapse, in an excavation, and the reporting of the findings, usually in the form of an expert opinion within the legal system. The procedures that may be used in forensic geotechnical investigations and the interface of the engineer with the legal system are discussed. The application of the principles and methodologies outlined are illustrated through a brief account of the investigation of the collapse of a small part of an excavation in the Lane Cove Tunnel Project, Sydney, Australia, on 2 November, 2005. <...>
С позиций общих уравнений механики сплошной среды показаны формирование и решение различных по характер) и степени сложности инженерных задач бурения. Приведены решения часто встречающихся на практике задач гидродинамики, фильтрации, массообмена. Рассмотрены прихват колонны труб под действием перепада давления, устойчивость стенок скважины, действие горного давления на обсадную колонну, центрирование колонн в скважине. Решения задач иллюстрированы графиками, которые могут быть использованы для практических расчетов. Для инженерно-технических работников буровых предприятий и организаций нефтяной и газовой промышленности.
Для выяснения строения и состава Земных недр, а также процессов, протекающих в них, в настоящее время проводятся комплексные геологические, геофизические, геохимические исследования. В недрах Земли вещество находится под воздействием высоких давлений и температур. В связи с этим особое внимание уделяется изучению физических свойств горных пород в условиях, моделирующих термодинамическую обстановку глубинных слоёв Земли.
Rock mechanincs as a new field of science has grown out of the practical needs of civil and mining engineers only in very recent times and the necessity for more economical (less "overdesigned") structures in rock and aspects of safety have been the prime movers in the development of rock mechanics as a separate scientific discipline. The scope of this discipline "encompasses the engineering interpretation of geological findings; the determination of the engineering properties of in situ rock masses in terms usable for mechanics analyses and the conduct of these analyses for problems essentially related to rock masses" (John, 1962). <...>
Many of the Earth’s most fascinating natural processes are related to rock fractures.Volcanic eruptions, tectonic earthquakes, geysers, large landslides and the formation and development of mid-ocean ridges all depend on fracture formation and propagation. Rock fractures
are also of fundamental importance in more applied fields such as those related to fluidfilled reservoirs, deep crustal drilling, tunnelling, road construction, dams, geological and geophysical mapping and field geology and geophysics.
There has been great progress in understanding fracture initiation and propagation over the past decades. The results of this progress are summarised in many papers, textbooks and monographs within the fields of fracture mechanics and materials science. Much of this improved knowledge of fracture development is of great relevance for understanding and modelling geological processes that relate to rock fractures. <...>
