The role of rock mechanics in oil field development E. Fjær
Innovative rock engineering solutions for deep tabular excavations D.F. Malan
Translating the micro-scale to the macro-scale: Signatures of fracture evolution L.J. Pyrak-Nolte, L. Jiang, A. Modiriasari, H. Yoon & A. Bobet

Many facets of Earth's evolution are intriguing, yet most of our attention is drawn to the more recent phases, as from the Cambrian epoch (c. < 540 Ma). The Precambrian Era, from 4.5 to 0.54 Ga, covers almost 90% of this planet's history but our knowledge of this segment of time remains elusive, save for selective aspects. Even though extensive research has been conducted on some topics, a significant diversity of opinions amongst researchers is evident and generally concerns the origin, the mechanism or the process inherent to a specific criterion. For example, did the atmosphere change with time?

Книга представляет собой руководство по химии платиновых металлов. Интерес к химии платиновых металлов связан с бурным развитием работ по гомогенному катализу и обширными исследованиями по применению некоторых комплексных соединений платины в качестве противораковых препаратов. В книге обобщены результаты, полученные в последнее десятилетие и не представленные достаточно полно ни в одном другом издании.
Книга предназначена для специалистов в области катализа, молекулярной биологии, медицины и фармакологии.

В данном пособии проводится классификация факторов, оказывающих влияние на миграцию малых химических элементов в зоне гипергенеза. Среди них — геолого-географические, или ландшафтные условия (климат, тектоника, вулканизм, литология И др.), геохимические параметры элементов (валентность, размеры ионов, электроотрицательность и др.) и физико-химические свойства среды (щелочно-кислотные, окислительно-восстановительный потенциал, температура, давление, структура водных растворов и т. д.).
Рассматривается влияние вышеперечисленных факторов на миграцию некоторых малых элементов.

First we must put some boundaries around our topic, to contain it as far as possible in space and time. For space, I consider largely the areas shown in Figures 1.1 and 1.2. Looking at the geological map, we see a central region, running from Cockermouth in the NW to Kendal in the SE, which is divided into three main geological regions. This forms the main area of mountains, the central part of the threefold division being the most mountainous. (The southern section is hilly rather than mountainous.) To the west, there are large masses of pink crystalline rock, near Ennerdale and Wastwater, and somewhat similar rock is found on the eastern side at Shap. Dark crystalline rock is found at the northeastern edge of the mountains at Caldbeck Fell, and also round the northern edge of the hills. There is a 'frame' of sandstones, coals and limestones right round the mountain region.

In the alpine topography along one of the long fjords with steep and high mountain sides in western Norway the large Åknes rockslide area is defined by a distinct back scarp rising from 800 to 1,000 m a.s.l. In 2004, an extensive monitoring program started, including establishment of a meteorological station above the upper tension crack, 900 m a.s.l. This paper evaluates the significance of meteorological conditions affecting the displacements recorded by five extensometers and two laser sensors in the tension crack from November 2004 to August 2008. Meteorological factors of importance for the recorded activity in the tension crack are found to be melt water in spring and large temperature fluctuations around the freezing point in spring, autumn, and early winter. The records show less acceleration phases in the measured distance across the tension crack in the second half of the analyzed period even though annual displacements are increasing, indicating that other processes, like disintegration of irregularities along unfilled joints and disintegration of intact rock bridges in the sliding plane have become more important. <...>

Ebenso wie im Lias werden die Ammoniten des Doggers in die Unterordnungen Phylloceratina, Lytoceratina und Ammonitina gegliedert. Die beiden «Konservativstämme» der Phylloceraten und Lytoceraten bleiben weiterhin mit wenigen Gattungen und Arten Randgruppen der im übrigen vielfältig verzweigten Entwicklung. So durchlaufen sie nicht nur den Dogger, sondern den gesamten Jura ohne wesentliche äußere und innere Veränderunnen. Die Ammonitina hingegen erfahren nach merklicher Dezimierung gegen Ende der Liaszeit eine neue Entfaltung im Dogger. Daneben wurde bei den Doggerformen ein Sexualdimorphismus zunehmend erkennbar, nachdem er im oberen Lias erstmals sporadisch und zunächst schwach ausgeprägt aufgetreten war. Die Formenfülle der Ammonitina wurde außerdem erstmals im Dogger durch das Auftreten von deren heteromorphen Vertretern bereichert. <...>