Добрый день, Коллеги. Важное сообщение, просьба принять участие. Музей Ферсмана ищет помощь для реставрационных работ в помещении. Подробности по ссылке
More than ever before, a compelling need exists for an encyclopedic resource about soil the rich mix of mineral particles, organic matter, gases, and soluble compounds that foster both plant and animal growth. Civilization depends more on the soil as human populations continue to grow and increasing demands are placed upon available resources.
The Encyclopedia of Soils in the Environmentis a comprehensive and integrated consideration of a topic of vital importance to human societies in the past, present, and future. This important work encompasses the present knowledge of the world's variegated soils, their origins, properties, classification, and roles in the biosphere. A team of outstanding, international contributors has written over 250 entries that cover a broad range of issues facing today's soil scientists, ecologists, and environmental scientists.
This four-volume set features thorough articles that survey specific aspects of soil biology, ecology, chemistry and physics. Rounding out the encyclopedia's excellent coverage, contributions cover cross-disciplinary subjects, such as the history of soil utilization for agricultural and engineering purposes and soils in relation to the remediation of pollution and the mitigation of global climate change.
Darwin’s tangled bank is the biosphere in poetic microcosm, and the “damp earth” he refers to is soil. Soil is arguably the most complex of all geological materials, a combination of mineral and organic constituents in solid, aqueous and gaseous forms, organized into a loose, porous, horizonated, plant-bearing material, that is constantly changing. It forms as a result of a complex series of interactions and feedbacks between lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and, biosphere. As the natural geological cover of most of the land surface of the earth, it is the focus of this encyclopedia.
This entry explains the use of emergy analysis to evaluate systems and compare resource use, environmental loading, and sustainability. This method allows the free contributions of the environment to be compared directly with the purchased inputs from the economy. Results summarized from agriculture and forestry systems indicate that extensive amounts of indirect energy were dissipated to yield agricultural and forest products and that timber typically requires less indirect energy than crops.
Первое издание энциклопедии по геофизике земли было издано в 1989 издательской компанией Вана Ностранда Реинхолда. Более двадцати лет спустя, это новое издание, отредактированное профессором Харшом К. Гупта, представляет полностью пересмотренную и расширенную работу. Энциклопедия объединяет более 200 статей, охватывающих уже установленные и новые концепции геофизики из различных разделов науки, таких как геодезия, геомагнетизм, сейсмология, глубинные земные процессы, тектоника плит, вычислительные методы, и т.д. в систематическом и последовательном формате. Это авторитетный источник информации благодаря вкладу редакторов и авторов со всего света, предназначенный для нынешних и будущих поколений профессионалов.
All information about the Earth’s interior comes from field observations and measurements made within the top few kilometers of the surface, from laboratory experiments and from the powers of human deduction, relying on complex numerical modeling. Solid Earth Geophysics encompasses all these endeavors and aspires to define and quantify the internal structure and processes of the Earth in terms of the principles of physics, corresponding mathematical formulations and computational procedures.
The major geomorphological divisions of the United States, the Rocky Mountain ranges, the Great Plains and the Appalachian ranges, do not have a major influence on coastal features. The Pacific coast follows the alignment of the Coast Ranges on the western side of the Rocky Mountains, the Great Plains run southward to the lowlying coast of the Gulf of Mexico, and the Appalachians extend north-eastward to the coast of Maine. Useful background is provided by Shepard and Wanless (1971), Sherman (2005), Thornbury (1965) and Graf (1987). <...>
It is now 10 years since the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Exploration Geophysics was published. In this edition new terms have been added and definitions revised in order to keep up with the technological advances of this decade. The first edition appeared when exploration geophysicists were starting to cope with data processing and help was needed with the processing vocabulary.
Like other environmental hot-button issues familiar to us today—ocean pollution, forest loss, climate change, species endangerment, pathogen proliferation, the plasticpocalypse, and many others—biological extinction is very much in the public eye. This is surely a result of the growing realization, which now seems utterly inescapable, that humans have created, and continue to create, the kinds of circumstances in which species die out well before their time.
