THREE A S TM STANDARDS are available for sampling coal: ASTM Practice for Collection of Channel Samples of Coal in the Mine (D 4596), ASTM Test Methods for Collection of a Gross Sample of Coal (D 2234), and ASTM Practice for Collection of Coal Samples from Core (D 5192). The first two standards are applicable only to existing mining operations, test pits, or transportation of coal.

After decades of using only one map projection, the Polyconic, for its mapping program, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) now uses several of the more common projections for its published maps. For larger scale maps, including topographic quadrangles and the State Base Map Series, conformal projections such as the Transverse Mercator and the Lambert Conformal Conic are used. Equal-area and equidistant projections appear in the National Atlas.

Landsat Thematic Mapper [TM) data have been used to detect the presence of altered rocks associated with ore mineral deposition. In arid environments, the spectral signatures of diagnostic minerals are often not masked by water, vegetation, or suxficial materials. There are many studies in which TM data have been used to locate hydrothermally altered rocks in near desert regions, but few successful examples can be found that relate to glaciated, vegetated terrain at high latitudes. In this paper, TM data, in concert with lithogeochemical data and field observations, are used to detect and map altered rocks in the Sulphurets-Brucejack Lake district of northwestern British Columbia.

Surface waters play an important role in relief formation by creating a multitude of landforms which depend genetically and evolutionally on the prevailing geomorphic processes and on the area’s geology. Underground waters, in turn, form a series of underground landforms and deposits which depend on geomorphic processes different from those prevailing on the surface.