Периодически в процессе бурения возникает прихват бурильной колонны, и ее нельзя поднять, опустить или вращать. Прихват трубы обходится до рого и вызывает осложнения. Специальные инстру менты, специализированные технические услуги и специальное кондиционирование бурового раствора для освобождения трубы служат источниками расходов, не говоря о потерях рабочего времени буровой установки. За время, требуемое для освобождения трубы и возврата к бурению, может ухудшиться стабильность необсаженной скважины. По этой
причине предотвращение прихвата труб и ускорение их освобождения в случае его возникновения имеют важное значение для буровых операций. <...>

This catalogue details each of the items in the pinnable Insert list for Calculations and Filters. Each item includes an intentionally trivial example to illustrate the use of the item, along with an explanation of the effect of the expression <...>

Gold (Au) is a transition metal between Ag and Rg in the chemical series of the Periodic Table. Its atomic number is 79, and atomic mass 196.96655 (2) g/mol, and has only one stable isotope number 197. The gold isotype 198Au (half-life 2.7 days) is used in some cancer treatments. The metal has been known and prized as an object of beauty and for its unique properties of chemical stability, electrical conductivity, malleability and ductility (trivalent and univalent) since mankind's earliest awakenings. As a standard of value against which to appraise the costs of labour, goods, currency and national economy, it has been the standard of many currencies since the world's first coinage in Lydia between 643 and 630 BC. The name for gold is derived from the historic English word `geolo', for yellow and the chemical symbol for gold Au, from the Latin name for gold `aurum' (glowing dawn). <...>

В книге систематизирован материал об основных геолого-промышленных медно-порфировых, жильных, скарновых и смешанных типах месторождений медных и полиметаллических руд в вулканогенно-интрузивных поясах. Рассматриваются типовые обстановки нахождения месторождений, условия ведения их поисков, методы их выявления.

It was in 1918 that Robert Peele, assisted by 46 collaborators, edited the first edition of the classic Mining Engineers’ Handbook. Like the second and third editions, released in 1927 and 1941, respectively, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., was the publisher. No doubt, there are a number of mining engineers in practice today who remember and still refer to Peele’s highly regarded work.

The discovery of “deep time” is one of geology’s greatest contributions to human understanding. The conceptual foundations laid by eighteenth- and nineteenth-century geologists working in relatively small geographic areas paved the way for development of the modern high-resolution geological timescale (figure 1.1), which spans 4.6 billion years of Earth history and applies to geological features anywhere on Earth.

The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (The AusIMM) is the leading organisation representing technical minerals sector professionals in the Australasian Region.  Members are bound by a Code of Ethics, and continual improvement of professional and industry standards within the sector in which they work.

This book is written for anyone who wants to get quickly ‘up to speed’ on some aspect of reflection seismology as it affects the seismic interpreter. It is a development of course notes on seismic reflection interpretation which have been given to students on the MSc course in Petroleum Geology at Aberdeen University over many years, and thus it takes the form of a course manual rather than a systematic textbook. It can be used as a self-contained course for individual study or as the basis of a class programme. The notes were originally provided to make the subject more accessible to geology students, but this volume should also prove useful to others, such as petroleum engineers, who have to work in an integrated exploration or development team side by side with geophysicists and geologists. Much petroleum exploration and production is now driven by the seismic reflection survey technique, so that all team members need to know quite a lot about it.<...>

Foraminifera have an evolutionary history that extends back to the Cambrian, more than 525 million years ago. Since then, they have radiated and evolved. To date, approximately 60,000 fossil and modern species have been validly recognized (LANGER, 2011), and an estimated 10,000 species (including only 40-50 planktonic species) are still living (VICKERMAN, 1992), constituting the most diverse group of shelled microorganisms in modern oceans (SEN GUPTA, 1999). These small-sized organisms, usually 0.1 to 1 mm, may be very abundant, and tens of thousands living specimens per square meter may be found in some environments (WETMORE, 1995). Their mineralized tests (shells) usually get preserved in the sediment after the death of the organism and may constitute a major, sometimes the dominant, part of many modern or fossil sediments (fig. 1). They are easy to collect, and their high-density populations provide an adequate statistical base, even in small volume samples, to perform environmental analyses, making them a powerful tool for environmental assessment. <...>