The initiative for this Memoir arose from a series of field-based geological studies in Sumatra by the Institute of Geological Sciences (later the British Geological Survey) and the University of London Group for Geological Research in Southeast Asia in collaboration with the Indonesian Ministry of Mines, through the Geological Research and Development Centre and the Directorate of Mineral Resources in Bandung, and the Research and Development Centre for Oil and Gas Technology (LEMIGAS) in Jakarta between 1975 and 1995. The Indonesian side selected Sumatra as a suitable area for this programme of scientific and technical assistance in geological, geochemical and geophysical surveys, inventories of mineral potential and the training of geoscientists in pursuance of successive five-year development plans (Pelita). The work culminated in the publication by the Geological Research and Development Centre of a series of 42 1:250 000 Geological Map Sheets with Explanatory Notes covering the whole of Sumatra. In compiling these geological maps the work of the Dutch geologists of the Netherlands Indies Geological Survey, who commenced a systematic programme of mapping in Sumatra before the Second World War, and the work of geologists working for oil companies with concessions in Sumatra, supported by the Indonesian National Oil Company (Pertamina), and published since 1971 in the Proceedings of the Indonesian Petroleum Association, were also incorporated. 

Perhaps no sector in the Himalaya is endowed with so exciting a geological setup as Nepal. Forming a bridge between the Western and Eastern Himalaya, Nepal occupies a pivotal and significant place in the geology of the Himalaya. Stretching from the low lying foothill in south to the highest peak of Sagarmatha (Mt. Everest) in the north and covering a vast time span from the Proterozoic to Holocene, the Nepal Himalaya preserves unique geological events. Varied kinds of igneous rocks, metamorphosed sequences and sedimentary rocks of disparate environments make a captivating geological mosaic.

The great conservationist E. O. Wilson called the love of nature, and especially the love of biodiversity, biophilia. He had in mind not only our love of the outdoors, of nature, of getting away from our hurried, technological world, but also a fundamental justification for wildlife conservation. Why should we prevent species from going extinct? We could make economic arguments and say that we get useful products such as food and drugs from many plants, or that natural habitats keep the Earth’s energy flows, oxygen and carbon in balance. But Wilson was keen to remind us that purely economic arguments are not enough, or they can be used misleadingly. His point was that we should love biodiversity, the richness and colour of all living things, and humans (or any other species) have no right to kill off all members of another species.

This book provides an introduction into the mechanics of faulting in the brittle crust of the Earth. It developed from my annual two-semester course on tectonomechanics for graduate students of engineering geology and of rock engineering at the Technical University of Graz (Austria). 

“Structural geology is the study of the structural (as opposed to compositional) features of rocks, of the geographic distribution of the features and their causes. A structural feature is one produced in rock by movements after deposition and commonly after consolidation of the rock.”# These definitions are drawn independently of the size of the structural features considered, and the range of sizes involved is great.

A fracture model for quartz ribbons in straight gneisses
Origin and incremental evolution of brittle/ductile shear zones in granitic rocks: natural examples from the Southern Abitibi Belt, Canada
Stretching lineations in transpressional shear zones: an example from the Sierra Nevada Batholith, California
Shear zones as a result of intraplate tectonics in oceanic crust: the example of the Basal Complex of Fuerteventura (Canary Islands)
Significance of crustal-scale shear zones and synkinematic mafic dykes in the Nagssugtoqidian orogen, SW Greenland: a re-examination
Evidence for synchronous thin-skinned and basement deformation in the Cordilleran fold-thrust belt: the Tendoy Mountains, southwestern Montana
The effect of cover composition on extensional faulting above re-activated basement faults: results from analogue modelling
A note comparing parameters controlling low-angle normal and thrust movement

Geochemical and Mineralogical Studies of the Alteration (Lateritic) cover: of Alkali Trachy-Andesite From, the Ethiopian Plateau/ Gore,
(W. Ethiopia). S.S. Augustithis et al
Mode of Lateritization of Basaltic Rocks - A Petrographic and Chemical Approach S-.K. Babu et al
On Transformation of Iron Oxides in Chemogenic eluvium
F.V. Chukrov
Study of Geochemistry of Lateritisation Process with the help of Trace Element Data.
A.N. Chowdhury et al.
Mineralogical and Chemical Aspects of Lateritisation in Southwestern Australia.
R.J. Gilkes et al.
Genesis of Bauxite deposits of Shevaroy Hills, Tamil Nadu, South India
G.Krishna Rao
Changes in Vertical Distribution of Heavy Elements During Tropical Weathering.
Carlos J. Lopez. Eyzaguirre
The Distribution abd the Chemical Composition of Some Laterites of Sri Lanka.
Kapila Dahanayake et al.
Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Nickel Oxide Ores in the Southwestern Pacific Area Yoshio Ogura et al.

Geochemical and Mineralogical Studies of the Alteration (Lateritic) cover: of Alkali Trachy-Andesite From, the Ethiopian Plateau/ Gore,
(W. Ethiopia). S.S. Augustithis et al
Mode of Lateritization of Basaltic Rocks - A Petrographic and Chemical Approach S-.K. Babu et al
On Transformation of Iron Oxides in Chemogenic eluvium
F.V. Chukrov
Study of Geochemistry of Lateritisation Process with the help of Trace Element Data.
A.N. Chowdhury et al.
Mineralogical and Chemical Aspects of Lateritisation in Southwestern Australia.
R.J. Gilkes et al.

As a preliminary to the detailed reading of a geological map to determine the succession and structure, it is useful to look first at the broad topographical features, including valleys, ridges, and summits. The position of steeper and flatter slopes will be apparent from contours, when these are given, and geological boundaries and their relationship to the topography can be followed. This applies particularly to large-scale maps, for instance at 6 inches to a mile.* Straight runs of outcrop given by steeply dipping or vertical beds
indicate the local direction of strike. Horizontal beds have boundaries which reflect the topographic contours.

This book introduces the principles of structural geology for undergraduate students of geology. It also provides the basic knowledge of structural geology needed for professionals in related disciplines of science and engineering, and is designed to be equally suitable as a text for classroom instruction and for self study. Prior knowledge of elementary geology, physics, and algebra is assumed. This book succeeds my earlier Structural Geology (Ronald Press 1972, later John Wiley & Sons),