It is known that methane (and, in smaller amounts, higher hydrocarbons) is liberated during the coalification process. The amounts of methane developed vary in the different stages of coalification. Calculations on the basis of ultimate analyses of coals of different rank done by Mott (1943), Patteisky(1952, 1964) and Jüntgen and Karweil (1966) lead to the conclusion that greater amounts of methane start to be developed when the stage of bituminous coals with about 30% of volatile matter (dry and ash-free) is reached, whereas the gas developed from lignite and less metamorphosed bituminous coals is mainly carbon dioxide.

This book is about geochemical data and how they can be used to obtain information about geological processes. Conventionally geochemical data are subdivided into four main categories: the major elements, trace elements, radiogenic isotopes and stable isotopes (see Table 1.1 ). These four types of geochemical data each form the subject of a chapter of this book. Each chapter shows how the particular form of geochemical data can be used and how it provides clues to the origin of the suite of rocks in question. Different methods of data presentation are discussed and their relative merits evaluated. <...>

Gravity-driven fows of material emanating from volcanoes during or following eruptions can range from fowing molten rock to fowing denser-than-air volcanic gas. But the bulk of volcanic fows involve twophase mixtures of solid rock fragments and a fuid—either liquid water or gas composed of air±volcanic gases. Deposits of the various particle–fuid fows derive their physical characteristics from mixture properties and from the particle–fuid interactions involved in both the transport and deposition of the mixtures. Interactions can differ substantially among emplacement processes.

Учебное пособие для студентов втузов, учащихся средних специальных заведений, 1ехнических училищ и старших классов средней школы. В книге содержится много различных упражнений.

Рассмотрены основные закономерности набухания глинистых грунтов, в том числе при замачивании их агрессивными растворами. Обобщен опыт проектирования, строительства и эксплуатации сооружений на таких грунтах. Освещены вопросы устройства оснований и фундаментов на набухающих грунтах. Настоящее издание переработано и дополнено в соответствии с новыми техническими решениями и нормативными документами. Изд. 1-е вышло в 1974 г.
Для инженерно-технических и научных работников проектных, строительных и научно-исследовательских организаций, а также служб эксплуатации.

Rapid industrialization during the Five-Year Plan periods has brought about a considerable boost in the mineral development programmes in India. During the last decade, significantly enough, its contribution to the national economy has trebled: while in the First Plan period it was about Rs. 470 crores, it rose to nearly Rs. 1,500 crores by the end of the Third Plan.

The Arctic is a geologically unique region where the North American, Eurasian and Pacific lithospheric plates come together, and a new Arctic Ocean is born on the continuation of the North Atlantic. The northern geographical and magnetic poles are located in the Arctic. Large ore deposits have been discovered in the Arctic regions, and the shelves contain large hydrocarbon resources.

The investigation of stratiform/stratabound ore deposits associated with sediments and volcanics and ranging in age from Precambrian to Recent, has become a specialized branch within the wider scope of ore petrology. It is, by all means, not an entirely new field of endeavour and it has always had a place in economic geology, but an accelerated shift in both individualized and collective efforts in the study of the stratiform mineral accumulations has resulted in a large amount of dispersed data.

This chapter represents a comprehensive review of Kuwait’s surface geology and stratigraphy from previous works accomplished by numerous geoscience researchers in the past decades. The surface of Kuwait is characterized by nearly flat topography, featureless to gently undulating, apart from a few tens of meters of escarpments in the north and south, and flat low to moderately elevated hills and ridges.

Chapter 1 The Architecture and Structure of the Nigerian Continental Crust

Chapter 2 The Nigerian Migmatite‑Gneiss Complex: Product of Proterozoic Reworking of a Primitive Crust

Chapter 3 The Nigerian Iron Formations: Mineralogical Evolution, Geochemistry and Genesis

Chapter 4 Geometric and Kinematic Characterization of Fractures within the Basement Complex Rocks of Ago‑Iwoye, Southwestern Nigeria